# Module 8.1: Linux for hackers: Parrot OS

<span style="font-weight: bold;">Parrot OS</span>

Hackthebox Network Chuck

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSRghjwTTOQ&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&amp;index=8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSRghjwTTOQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=8)

Ep: 1: hack the box intro

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B\_PTOE&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL)

[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1)   ⏩  Intro

[1:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=73s)   ⏩  FREE HACKING LAB (linux)

[2:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=160s)   ⏩  What is Linux?

[5:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=322s)   ⏩  Introducing the Linux Terminal

[6:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=371s)   ⏩  Linux Command: pwd

[6:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=415s)   ⏩  Linux Command: ls

[7:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=453s)   ⏩  Linux Command: cd

[10:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbEx7B_PTOE&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=1&t=601s) ⏩  Test your skills

&lt;take notes on what you see and do, email to Dr. Bill&gt;

```
linux kernel vs. Parrot OS<br></br>open source, fast, secure<br></br>terminal-command line<br></br>pwd print working directory<br></br>ls list<br></br>cd change directory<br></br>cd .. cd up<br></br>/ root directory<br></br>ls root directory
```

Ep 2: file systems

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&amp;index=2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2)

&lt;take notes on what you see and do, email to Dr. Bill&gt;

[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2)   ⏩  Intro

[0:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=55s)   ⏩  access your FREE HACKING LAB (linux)

[1:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=99s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: whoami?

[2:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=122s)   ⏩  10 second review

[2:28](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=148s)   ⏩  the ROOT of the File System

[2:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=165s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: clear

[3:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=183s)   ⏩  EVERYTHING is a file!!

[3:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=220s)   ⏩  /bin

[4:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=289s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: cat

[5:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=343s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: cp

[7:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=432s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: rm

[7:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=445s)   ⏩  i DELETED a command!!!

[8:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=528s)   ⏩  /sbin

[9:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=567s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: adduser

[10:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=611s) ⏩  /usr

[11:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=692s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: which

[12:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=767s) ⏩  /boot

[12:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=772s) ⏩  /var

[12:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=778s) ⏩  /tmp

[13:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=784s) ⏩  /lib

[13:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=792s) ⏩  /home

[13:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=820s) ⏩  /root

[14:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=850s) ⏩  /dev

[15:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=933s) ⏩  /etc

[17:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=1031s) ⏩  /mnt and /media

[19:24](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3G-3hp88mo&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=2&t=1164s) ⏩  CHALLENGE

```
bin directory<br></br>clear, ctrl-L<br></br>cat<br></br>cp <br></br>sudo cp ls networkchuck (copied ls to networkchuck command)<br></br>sudo rm ls<br></br>ls is now gone<br></br>sudo cp networkchuck ls<br></br>cat cat<br></br>cd ..<br></br>ls<br></br>sbin (only admin commands)<br></br>sudo adduser superben<br></br>cd usr<br></br>ls (usr commands)<br></br>which ls<br></br>which cat. (where are they?)<br></br>local (your command binaries)<br></br>lib (your libraries)<br></br>back to root—<br></br>boot (startup)<br></br>var (logs)<br></br>home<br></br>root home is different, in root directory<br></br>devices are files-hard to imagine<br></br>cd dev<br></br>vda vdb also sda or sd1<br></br>cat devices….<br></br>sudo cat vda<br></br>ctrl-c  (cancel)<br></br>why? corrupt files, malware<br></br>etc (network settings)<br></br>cd etc<br></br>cd network<br></br>sudo cat interfaces<br></br>mnt and media<br></br>media (usb drives)<br></br>mnt (things you mount-file servers)
```

Ep: 3:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&amp;index=3](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3)

[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3)   ⏩  Intro

[1:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=86s)   ⏩  FREE Linux LAB

[2:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=137s)   ⏩  Getting to know the Linux Terminal

[4:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=241s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: PS

[7:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=433s)   ⏩  !!!! NEW COMMANDSSSS !!!!

[8:19](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=499s)   ⏩  HELP!! (how to get help) MAN and -h

[9:57](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=597s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: apropos

[10:56](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=656s) ⏩  your homework

[11:29](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y17KTiJLcyQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=3&t=689s) ⏩  QUIZ!!!

```
terminal->shell->computer<br></br>bash shell<br></br>ps. (shows shell along with other process)<br></br>powershell=windows shell<br></br>terminal bash shell console<br></br>$ means user<br></br># means root user<br></br>su root<br></br>id <br></br>hostname<br></br>uname <br></br>ifconfig<br></br>ip<br></br>netstat<br></br>ps<br></br>who<br></br>env<br></br>lsblk<br></br>lsusb<br></br>lsof (open files)<br></br>man pages<br></br>q to quit<br></br>uname -h (help)<br></br>apropos (command or thing)
```

Ep. 4: managing users

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&amp;index=4](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4)

[0:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4)   ⏩  Intro

[1:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=110s)   ⏩  FREE Linux LAB

[2:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=146s)   ⏩  the Linux User

[3:11](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=191s)   ⏩  UNDER ATTACK!!

[3:49](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=229s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: adduser

[5:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=310s)   ⏩  How to find users in Linux

[6:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=360s)   ⏩  exploring /etc/passwd

[6:25](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=385s)   ⏩  the /etc/shadow file

[7:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=470s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: useradd

[9:16](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=556s)   ⏩  NEW COMMAND: passwd

[10:30](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=630s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: usermod

[13:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=785s) ⏩  the SUDO command

[14:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=860s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: su

[16:03](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=963s) ⏩  the sudoers file

[16:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=981s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: visudo

[19:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1150s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: userdel

[20:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1206s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: groupadd

[20:41](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1241s) ⏩  exploring /etc/group

[21:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1287s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: groups

[22:20](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1340s) ⏩  let's break the sudoers file

[23:39](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1419s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: usermod -aG

[25:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=4&t=1506s) ⏩  NEW COMMAND: gpasswd

```
sudo adduser thor<br></br>cat /etc/passwd<br></br>passwords in /etc/shadow<br></br>sudo cat /etc/shadow<br></br>UID and GID<br></br>home directory<br></br>useradd (simple)<br></br>sudo passwd user<br></br>ls -la<br></br>usermod -h<br></br>sudo usermod ironman —shell /bin/bash<br></br>sudo usermod -l tonystark ironman<br></br>sudo useradd hulk -m<br></br>su (switch user)<br></br>sudo su -  (makes you root)<br></br>exit or ctrl -d<br></br>sudoers file—-><br></br>sudo visudo  (add sudo user)<br></br>name ALL = ALL<br></br>sudo userdel<br></br>sudo groupadd <name><br></br>cat /etc/group
```

Ep 8:

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSRghjwTTOQ&amp;list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&amp;index=8](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSRghjwTTOQ&list=PLIhvC56v63IJIujb5cyE13oLuyORZpdkL&index=8)

```
python -m http.server<br></br>localhost:8000<br></br>python -m http.server:7600<br></br>(note no index.html)<br></br>php -S 127.0.0.1:8085<br></br>npx http-server -p 8086<br></br>systemctl start apache2<br></br>sudo nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf<br></br>(change 80 to something else)<br></br>curl (client URL)<br></br>curl localhost:7600<br></br>curl -o coolwebsite localhost:8080<br></br>cat coolwebsite<br></br>curl -I localhost:8080. (header only)<br></br>clear<br></br>curl -v localhost:8080<br></br>request and response<br></br>wget localhost:7600
```

  

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<small>Migrated from Apple Server Wiki. Original page ID: x9L3H542</small>