24.11.07 Bio: trophic levels, competition
The Bio modules:
- mod 6 Net Primary Productivity
- mod 7 trophic levels
- mod 1 competition
- mod 8 biodiversity-M&Ms
- mod 9 ecosystem services
- mod 10 biogeography
- mod 11 ecological tolerance
- mod 12 disruptions
- mod 13 adaptation
- mod 14 ecological succession
- mod 15 population dynamics r, K
- mod 16 carrying capacity-lynx-hare
- mod 17 age distribution
- mod 18 human population
Net Primary Productivity: The rate of turning solar energy into organic materials
From last week: photosynthesis (water, CO2 based) or chemosynthesis (sulfur based) turn energy into organic compounds (light+water->sugar)
- Autotrophs= auto (self) troph (food)
- also known as Producers in the food chain
- GPP: gross primary productivity = all energy into all food
- NPP: net primary productivity = gross - energy of respiration
- Net is usually only 25-50% of gross (not much)
- Fun fact: your body is only about 33% efficient, the rest goes to heat
- Same with your gas powered car...
Plants are not very efficient users of solar energy:
If this were a business, they would charge 20$ for a shirt, that cost them $12, so they only make $8 per shirt. Not good business.
This is most efficient where there is lots of solar radiation, biomass and water:
Look for the richest and the poorest in each ecosystem:
Net vs. Gross is easy to understand:
- If your business takes in money, this is your gross income, say 100$
- If your materials cost 20$, then your net income would be 80$
Ecosystem services: terms
- Ecosystem services: processes by which clean water, timber, fisheries and ag crops are produced
- Provisions: goods humans can use: timber, food crops, plants
- Support systems: pollinators (bees), water filtration (soils)
- Cultural services: aesthetics (John Muir, Ansel Adams)
- Monetary value: lumber, fishing, tourism, ecotourism
Island Biogeography: an intro to evolution by location and geography
Island (physically separate) bio=life, geography=mapping the earth
Important: Size of islands determines number of species on an island: bigger island=more species
Island (physically separate) bio=life, geography=mapping the earth
Important: Size of islands determines number of species on an island: bigger island=more species
Species-area curve: what this means: larger islands have more species
Dependent on several factors:
- colonization: how many new species can make it to the island, e.g. is it far from the mainland like Hawaii?
- extinction: how many species die out, and how fast, from what (disasters, humans)
- distance from each other: greater separation=fewer species (think of birds migrating across our island chain)
Invasive species are usually generalists, so pose a greater threat to island species (specialists)
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