# Module 34: Patterns of energy use

<span style="font-weight: bold;">Mod 34-Patterns of energy use</span>

- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Non-renewable: not in your lifetime (argument made by one senator that nuclear power was renewable every billion years)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Examples: fossil fuel (from </span>[fossils](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXEGMWh2apM)<span style="font-size: 13px;">), nuclear energy</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Energy units: Joules, BTU (British thermal unit), quad = 1 ee 15 BTU or 1.055 EJ (etta Joules)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Worldwide energy use (2015):</span>

<div class="sandbox" id="bkmrk--2"><div id="bkmrk--3"><div id="bkmrk--4"><div><div class="container"><div class="frontside"><div class="iframe">![](http://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/3b39e/images/9a6da.png "Screen Shot 2020-01-12 at 1.32.00 PM.png")</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Note about even split of coal, natural gas and oil, depending on location, economy, development. </span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Which of these do you think is changing, how and why?</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">China leads in overall consumption, US in consumption per person (China has 1300 million people, we have about 320 million)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">LDC (lesser developed countries) use subsistence energy sources: dung, wood, peat (one reason women in LDC have high cancer rates)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">US use (again, this is 5 years ago):</span>

<div id="bkmrk-n.b.-coal-is-on-the-"><div class="sandbox" id="bkmrk--5"><div id="bkmrk--6"><div id="bkmrk--7"><div><div class="container"><div class="frontside"><div class="iframe">![](http://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/3b39e/images/2d4af.png "Screen Shot 2020-01-12 at 1.35.13 PM.png")</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

- <span style="font-size: 13px;">n.b. coal is on the decline, nat gas is increasing ("fracking" or hydraulic fracturing of underground formations)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Jan 10, 2023: More renewable energy used in the US than coal (!)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Almost even 1/4 splits for transport, industrial, commercial and residential-which do you think is changing, how and why?</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">James Woolsey on Salt 2010: </span>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128127191](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128127191)
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Transportation use: 70% oil</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Electrical grid: 50% coal, also nat gas, hydro, nuclear (this is rapidly shifting)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">These two are not connected-Electric vehicles will change these HOW?</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">(OPEC means Oil producing/exporting countries)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">"We have to destroy oil as a strategic commodity" (btw, data exceeded oil in value last year)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Plug in hybrids, efficiency in fossil fuel cars, encourage biofuels (flex fuel, remember Brazil?)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">PM particulates, aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene), $100 million in US health costs </span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Point source pollution exemption-crazy!</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Fossil fuels are portable, potent and there is infrastructure to support it (oil dominance in transportation)</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Think also of Tesla charging stations-a new infrastructure is emerging</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">Salt-why Austria/Hungary was so wealthy, one reason we had World War one...</span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">New term: EROEI: energy return on energy investment, e.g. 100 J of coal from 5 J of work would be 20/1 </span>
- <span style="font-size: 13px;">EROEI of </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">Corn ethanol is around one, or slightly less than one, since we use petrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) to grow it...</span>

</div><div id="bkmrk-comparison-of-all-no">Comparison of all nonrenewable energy sources:<div class="sandbox" id="bkmrk--8"><div id="bkmrk--9"><div id="bkmrk--10"><div><div class="container"><div class="frontside"><div class="iframe">![](http://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/3b39e/images/__thumbs__/57513.png)</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>  
  
mJ per passenger kilometer: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy\_efficiency\_in\_transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_transport)<div class="sandbox" id="bkmrk--11"><div id="bkmrk--12"><div id="bkmrk--13"><div><div class="container"><div class="frontside"><div class="iframe">![](http://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/3b39e/images/4132a.png "Screen Shot 2020-01-12 at 1.50.51 PM.png")</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>Where would bicycle show up on here?</div><div id="bkmrk-electricity-is-an-en">  
Electricity is an energy CARRIER not a source.</div><div id="bkmrk--14">  
</div><div id="bkmrk-here-is-a-typical-st">Here is a typical steam powered electrical plant. </div><div id="bkmrk-you-will-need-to-kno">You will need to know all these bits and how they work together:  
<div class="sandbox" id="bkmrk--15"><div id="bkmrk--16"><div id="bkmrk--17"><div><div class="container"><div class="frontside"><div class="iframe">![](http://physics.hpa.edu/groups/apenvironmentalscience/weblog/3b39e/images/__thumbs__/14102.png)</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>The only thing changed for nuclear, oil, or natural gas NON-TURBINE plants is the heat source...  
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