Module 34: Patterns of energy use

Mod 34-Patterns of energy use
Non-renewable: not in your lifetime (argument made by one senator that nuclear power was renewable every billion years)
Examples: fossil fuel (from fossils), nuclear energy
Energy units: Joules, BTU (British thermal unit), quad = 1 ee 15 BTU or 1.055 EJ (etta Joules)
Worldwide energy use (2015):
Note about even split of coal, natural gas and oil, depending on location, economy, development. 
Which of these do you think is changing, how and why?
China leads in overall consumption, US in consumption per person (China has 1300 million people, we have about 320 million)
LDC (lesser developed countries) use subsistence energy sources: dung, wood, peat (one reason women in LDC have high cancer rates)
US use (again, this is 5 years ago):
n.b. coal is on the decline, nat gas is increasing ("fracking" or hydraulic fracturing of underground formations)
Jan 10, 2023: More renewable energy used in the US than coal (!)
Almost even 1/4 splits for transport, industrial, commercial and residential-which do you think is changing, how and why?
James Woolsey on Salt 2010: https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128127191
Transportation use: 70% oil
Electrical grid: 50% coal, also nat gas, hydro, nuclear (this is rapidly shifting)
These two are not connected-Electric vehicles will change these HOW?
(OPEC means Oil producing/exporting countries)
"We have to destroy oil as a strategic commodity" (btw, data exceeded oil in value last year)
Plug in hybrids, efficiency in fossil fuel cars, encourage biofuels (flex fuel, remember Brazil?)
PM particulates, aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylene), $100 million in US health costs 
Point source pollution exemption-crazy!
Fossil fuels are portable, potent and there is infrastructure to support it (oil dominance in transportation)
Think also of Tesla charging stations-a new infrastructure is emerging
Salt-why Austria/Hungary was so wealthy, one reason we had World War one...
New term: EROEI: energy return on energy investment, e.g. 100 J of coal from 5 J of work would be 20/1 
EROEI of Corn ethanol is around one, or slightly less than one, since we use petrochemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) to grow it...
Comparison of all nonrenewable energy sources:
mJ per passenger kilometer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_transport
Where would bicycle show up on here?
Electricity is an energy CARRIER not a source.
Here is a typical steam powered electrical plant. You will need to know all these bits and how they work together:
The only thing changed for nuclear, oil, or natural gas NON-TURBINE plants is the heat source...
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