# Unit 8: Pollution: module 4.45: reduction of air pollution

- prevention
- conservation
- regulation

<div id="bkmrk-example%3A-vapor-recov">Example: vapor recovery nozzle: reduces VOC emissions</div><div id="bkmrk--1"></div><figure id="bkmrk-screenshot-2026-02-1">![Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.53.31 PM.png](https://bookstack.kamuela.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/DWoyqpfJIbgiunH5-screenshot-2026-02-11-at-1-53-31-pm-8v2x0zzz.png)<figcaption>Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.53.31 PM.png</figcaption></figure>  
Catalytic converters: <div id="bkmrk-screenshot-2026-02-1-1"><figure>![Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.54.39 PM.png](https://bookstack.kamuela.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/Xo05dlnK1pzbRg8T-screenshot-2026-02-11-at-1-54-39-pm-oiwvhtcx.png)<figcaption>Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.54.39 PM.png</figcaption></figure>  
Smokestack scrubber: Note that ash at the bottom is toxic, and must be removed to a toxic waste dump</div><div id="bkmrk-screenshot-2026-02-1-2"><figure>![Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.55.06 PM.png](https://bookstack.kamuela.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-09/zYnYvifb2opIfaGX-screenshot-2026-02-11-at-1-55-06-pm-icw64wdr.png)<figcaption>Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.55.06 PM.png</figcaption></figure></div>---

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