Unit 9: Global Change: 4.59: Biodiversity

Definitions:
Native: lives within historical range (many, many years)
Invasive: outside the historical range
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species
Important: Invasive species have fewer predators and/or can adapt much faster than native species, often r-selected species with fast growth
Plant philosophy: faster ones survive to get nutrients and solar radiationEquilibrium: equal freedom or balance: equi= equal, librium=freedom
Classic case: Zebra mussels in the great lakes-carried in along with water ballast from Asia
Zebra mussels are an invasive, fingernail-sized mollusk that is native to fresh waters in Eurasia. Their name comes from the dark, zig-zagged stripes on each shell.
Zebra mussels:
Probably arrived in the Great Lakes in the 1980s via ballast water that was discharged by large ships from Europe. 
They have spread rapidly throughout the Great Lakes region and into the large rivers of the eastern Mississippi drainage. 
They have also been found in Texas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California.
Zebra mussels negatively impact ecosystems in many ways, filtering out algae that native species need for food and they attach to--and incapacitate--native mussels.
Power plants must also spend millions of dollars removing zebra mussels from clogged water intakes.
Other mistakes: 
Mongoose in Hawaii-kills birds (eats the eggs), 
Cane toads in Australia
Kudzu vine from Asia, grows 1 foot per DAY
Silver carp in great lakes (40#) Look up video!Endangered species: likely to go extinct in the near future
Habitat destruction
Migration disruption
Invasive species competition
Disruption of food supplies (e.g. predator-prey)Biodiversity: genetic diversity and genetic bottlenecks (recall the humpback whale)
Please watch this Bozeman Science video:http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-es-035-loss-of-biodiversity?rq=invasive%20species
HICOP: mnemonic
Habitat loss
Invasive species
Climate change
Overfishing
PollutionLook up IUCNList of threats: HIPPCO another mnemonic
Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Population growth-human 
Pollution
Climate change
Overexploitation
Laws to know:
Marine mammal protection act: prohibits killing of marine mammals in the US
Lacey Act: prohibits interstate shipping of illegally harvested plants and animals (big in Hawaii)
Endangered species act (ESA): 1973 protects endangered species in US
CITES: international law, Convention on international trade in endangered species, 1973
Screenshot 2024-04-21 at 6.57.54 AM.png
The World Wildlife Fund's Living Planet Report 2022 found that wildlife populations declined by an average 69% since 1970
Screenshot 2024-04-22 at 12.53.16 PM.png
Global biodiversity hot spots:
1280px-Biodiversity_Hotspots_Map.jpg
Map of life dashboard: https://mol.org/dashboard/homeFinally, look up our island on the biodiversity maps...why?
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