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Chapter 3 Modules 6-8 Movement of energy and matter Module 6: Movement of energy Biosphere-all life Producer (also primary producer) gets energy from sun or heat directly, also known as autotrophexample: grass Photosynthesis: CO2 + water + energy (heat or ligh...

APES notes atmosphere, weather see also frog book 15.1 (atmosphere) and 6.1 (biomes) Three ways heat energy moves: Radiation: no medium needed, e.g. light Conduction: contact Convection: matter in motion Summary: Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere R...

Look:Here's what we learned so far: Now look at this map, and compare with your trusty globe: See the pattern?Pay close attention to cause and effect: onshore moist air from the Pacific ocean hits the mountains near Seattle=rainy there onshore moist air from t...

Recall terrestrial biomes are defined by temperature and precipitation (rain)Aquatic biomes are by definition underwater, so they are defined by  Depth: how deep is the deepest part, how much photosynthesis is possible Distance from shore: shallow water has mo...

Frog book: biomeselephants and biodiversity carrying capacity-new term biome: climate and plant/animal life errors in ch.6-where? Fig 6.3 NPP: biomass after respiration (rate which primary producers convert energy to biomass)tropical rain forest-canopy (layers...

Circulation modules: Module 9: Heating of the earth Module 10: Air circulation Module 11: Ocean circulation Module 9 heating of the earth Tropo (top) sphere-heated by contact with earth, where most weather occurs Strato (high) sphere-cooler, where commercial a...

Module 10 Air currents and Water stuff Relative humidity: the amount of water in the air at a certain temperature, relative to the maximum it could hold at that temperature (RH). You can blow on the room sensor and see this rise. Absolute humidity: true amount...

Mod 11 ocean currents Check this out: Verify on windy.com again: https://www.windy.com/?20.002,-155.533,5 Notice that the north pacific currents flow clockwise, south pacific counter clockwise. why? There are places with little forward current, so they become ...

Mod 14: Biodiversity: (see also chapter 7 in Froggie book) Species: a particular type of organism Population: a group of individuals of a given species, at one place and time Evolution: inherited changes in the population of organisms over time Natural Selecti...

Three conditions must be met: Genetic variation (mutation) Some stress that favors this variation (adaptation) Survivors procreate, pass on the variation (reproduction) Genotype: set of genes (dominant and recessive) Phenotype: traits expressed in a living cre...

Mod 17: niches and species distribution  Check this out: You'll see another like this in population distributions... Range of tolerance-where it can survive Fundamental niche-happy place Realized niche-de facto place Distribution-areas where they live (we'll s...

Module 18-abundance and distribution Start with this: A crude example of this might be: individual-you population-HPA  students community-HPA ecosystem-education biosphere-the world or: some rabbit individual some of the rabbit's friends,  a population of rabb...

Module 19: growth modelsImagine you are a happy bacteria, or rabbit, with lots of food, land and no predators. Your population growth curve might look like this: This is called exponential growth, or "J shaped growth"Note that it has no end, or limiting factor...

Module 20: Community ecology Competitive exclusion principle: two species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist, leads to... Resource partitioning: time, space, type of food (one species picks one, the other survives) Screenshot 2024-11-14 at 14.43....

Module 21: Community Succession Primary succession: From bare rock, no soil: (e.g. lichen) These hold moisture and some sort of matrix (e.g. soil) so that others can then grow You might imagine driving from the Kohala coast up to Waimea, seeing bare lava along...

Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads This causes Allo (other) Patric (father) speciation Eventually reproductive isolation will result: different breeds will not be able to procreate There is another mor...

Every day: 2.1 million infants are born (2,100,000) 800,000 people die result: global population increases by 1.3 million (2.1-0.8 = 1.3) this assumes no aliens landing, nobody going to Mars (yet)We describe this as a population growth rate in percent this way...

From the semester exam: eras.png Back to Demographics... Demographics is the study of people Check this out: Screen Shot 2022-10-23 at 7.24.03 AM.png What does this mean?Phase 1: many babies, most die, short lifespans=> low population (e.g. US and Britain befo...