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Three conditions must be met: Genetic variation (mutation) Some stress that favors this variation (adaptation) Survivors procreate, pass on the variation (reproduction) Genotype: set of genes (dominant and recessive) Phenotype: traits expressed in a living cre...

Module 20: Community ecology Competitive exclusion principle: two species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist, leads to... Resource partitioning: time, space, type of food (one species picks one, the other survives) Relationships: Predation: preda...

Biodiversity has two elements: Species richness: the number of different species in an ecosystem Species evenness: the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area We'll be using colored goldfish (species) to demonstrate this...

Module 21: Community Succession Primary succession: From bare rock, no soil: (e.g. lichen) These hold moisture and some sort of matrix (e.g. soil) so that others can then grow You might imagine driving from the Kohala coast up to Waimea, seeing bare lava along...

Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads This causes Allo (other) Patric (father) speciation Eventually reproductive isolation will result: different breeds will not be able to procreate There is another mor...

All individuals have an ecological tolerance Their best place is called a fundamental niche: a place where they not only survive, or survive and grow, but can reproduce: Unavailable Apple Wiki media: the exported data did not include file 71eb2a26-5fe1-4510-9a...

Diversity: small to large Genetic Diversity: genetic variation among individuals in a population (e.g. redheads, blondes, black hair) Species Diversity: number of species in an ecosystem (moose, wolf, bear) Habitat Diversity: number of habitats in an ecosystem...

Cengage chapter 5: biodiversity and evolution notes Four kinds of biodiversity: why we studied Shannon's index as a relative metric species diversity: number and abundance of species in an ecosystem  genetic diversity: genetic variation within a species ecosys...

cengage chapter 5: population ecology Five main types of species interactions: interspecific competition predation parasitism mutualism commensalismInterspecific competition: two species, niches overlap, compete for resources (e.g. humans and many animals)Reso...

Format: Title: short and sweet Purpose: direct, should cover what you intend to do Materials: detailed list of what is needed beyond normal lab gear Procedure: can be numbered, must include each step Data: anything that can be represented by numbers Observatio...

Make sure to read the previous notes on watersheds before beginning. We will be measuring several virtual water samples (less toxic, and a greater variety available here) Metrics are physical (turbidity, temperature, chemical (DO, pH, nitrate, BOD, conductivit...

Download elab energy hunt.pdf (application/pdf, 34.1 KB) Download Elab green building hunt.pdf (application/pdf, 22.5 KB) Download Green home notes.pdf (application/pdf, 14.0 KB) Migrated from Apple Server Wiki. Original page ID: c9h9z3d9Z

APES SI Prefix Unit Conversion Revision Table (10⁹ → 10⁻⁹) Name Scientific Notation Prefix Name Prefix Letter Billion 10⁹ giga G Million 10⁶ mega M Thousand 10³ kilo k Hundredth 10⁻² centi c Thousandth 10⁻³ milli m Millionth 10⁻⁶ micro µ Billionth 10⁻⁹ nano n ...

Module 4.42 (module 42, 4th edition text) Big ideas: air is shared by everyone on the planet, crosses international borders without consent, impacts innocents with little power. Contrast this with solid, toxic or radioactive waste: usually disposed of on your ...

Module 43: Photochemical smog, thermal inversions, particulates Two types: Photochemical smog: LA smog, brown smog, caused by surface ozone reactions Sulfurous smog: grey smog, VOG (includes bits of volcanic glass)Here's how they look: Smog and other photochem...

Module 44: Indoor air pollution (IAP) Leading cause of death in LDC (women). LDC is the latest term for "Lesser Developed Countries" Burning manure for fuel, open pit fires, CO, PM10 Sick building syndrome: formaldehyde, CO2, VOC Check out the Living Building ...

prevention conservation regulationExample: vapor recovery nozzle: reduces VOC emissions Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.53.31 PM.png Catalytic converters:  Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.54.39 PM.png Smokestack scrubber: Note that ash at the bottom is toxic, and must b...

Acid rain: Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.56.51 PM.png Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.57.21 PM.png Interferes with soils, animals, and any structures made of CaCO3 like marble statues Noise pollution: Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 2.01.43 PM.png Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 2....