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Alternate resource: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/friedland-relyea-3rd-edition.pdf Scientific method: Key part of science is peer review and replication Peer review: qualified folks who know the subject well review the process, data and interpretation R...

summarize your cause and effect projects for presentation in day 2 of the week begin exploration of cause and effect begin readings from fr text chapter 1 (link below)FR3e chapter 1https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/fr3e_ch1.pdf Key concept: energy->water->f...

Many of these may be familiar to you, our goal is to make sure everyone is fluent with these ideas, which will make all of our other work make sense (along with many other things).We may break these down into smaller modules as needed, here are the main topics...

https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/fr3e_ch2.pdf Energy:  same as work don't care if it happens fast or slow, just lift the rocks calculate your mass in kg (lbs x 2.2) how high are the stairs? (meters) lifting your mass up the stairs is WORK: PE = mgh. (gravi...

Competition: one wins, one loses  Could be energy, food, mates, money, whatever Competitive exclusion principle: only one winner (assumes a limited resource) This impacts evolution: if there is overlap between two competitors for a limited resource, natural se...

Population growth rates r selected (r means rate) species grow exponentially until they reach or exceed the carrying capacity of the ecosystem (fish, bacteria) K selected species grow slowly and reach the carrying capacity (humans, whales, elephants) Carrying ...

Recall: troph = food Autotrophs make their own food (photosynthesis) Examples: plants Trophic levels explain how energy (food) moves up through a food chain Simple food chain: think of Madagascar... Unavailable Apple Wiki media: the exported data did not inclu...

Diversity vs. Uniformity biological cultural financial language food sources religious ethnic farming clothing Biodiversity: small to large Genetic Diversity: genetic variation among individuals in a population (e.g. redheads, blondes, black hair) Species Dive...

Three conditions must be met: Genetic variation (mutation) Some stress that favors this variation (adaptation) Survivors procreate, pass on the variation (reproduction) Genotype: set of genes (dominant and recessive) Phenotype: traits expressed in a living cre...

Module 20: Community ecology Competitive exclusion principle: two species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist, leads to... Resource partitioning: time, space, type of food (one species picks one, the other survives) Relationships: Predation: preda...

Biodiversity has two elements: Species richness: the number of different species in an ecosystem Species evenness: the relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area We'll be using colored goldfish (species) to demonstrate this...

Module 21: Community Succession Primary succession: From bare rock, no soil: (e.g. lichen) These hold moisture and some sort of matrix (e.g. soil) so that others can then grow You might imagine driving from the Kohala coast up to Waimea, seeing bare lava along...

Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads This causes Allo (other) Patric (father) speciation Eventually reproductive isolation will result: different breeds will not be able to procreate There is another mor...

All individuals have an ecological tolerance Their best place is called a fundamental niche: a place where they not only survive, or survive and grow, but can reproduce: Unavailable Apple Wiki media: the exported data did not include file 71eb2a26-5fe1-4510-9a...

Diversity: small to large Genetic Diversity: genetic variation among individuals in a population (e.g. redheads, blondes, black hair) Species Diversity: number of species in an ecosystem (moose, wolf, bear) Habitat Diversity: number of habitats in an ecosystem...

Cengage chapter 5: biodiversity and evolution notes Four kinds of biodiversity: why we studied Shannon's index as a relative metric species diversity: number and abundance of species in an ecosystem  genetic diversity: genetic variation within a species ecosys...

cengage chapter 5: population ecology Five main types of species interactions: interspecific competition predation parasitism mutualism commensalismInterspecific competition: two species, niches overlap, compete for resources (e.g. humans and many animals)Reso...

Format: Title: short and sweet Purpose: direct, should cover what you intend to do Materials: detailed list of what is needed beyond normal lab gear Procedure: can be numbered, must include each step Data: anything that can be represented by numbers Observatio...