AP Environmental science

Challenge: You are a researcher of volcanic geysers who has just discovered a new species of hot ...

APES 2026-27 notes APES 2026-27 notes HW: 9.4.26 the coffee cup you pick up at the coffee shop ha...

APES Resources 2023-2024 Weblog Documents Texts  Videos Labs Audio AP exam prep   PDF archive  We...

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APES notes atmosphere, weather see also frog book 15.1 (atmosphere) and 6.1 (biomes) Three ways h...

Chapter 3 Modules 6-8 Movement of energy and matter Module 6: Movement of energy Biosphere-all li...

Chapter 3 Modules 6-8 Movement of energy and matter Module 6: Movement of energy Biosphere-all li...

Chapter 3 Modules 6-8 Movement of energy and matter Module 6: Movement of energy Biosphere-all li...

APES notes atmosphere, weather see also frog book 15.1 (atmosphere) and 6.1 (biomes) Three ways h...

Look:Here's what we learned so far: Now look at this map, and compare with your trusty globe: See...

Recall terrestrial biomes are defined by temperature and precipitation (rain)Aquatic biomes are b...

Frog book: biomeselephants and biodiversity carrying capacity-new term biome: climate and plant/a...

Circulation modules: Module 9: Heating of the earth Module 10: Air circulation Module 11: Ocean c...

Module 10 Air currents and Water stuff Relative humidity: the amount of water in the air at a cer...

Mod 11 ocean currents Check this out: Verify on windy.com again: https://www.windy.com/?20.002,-1...

Mod 14: Biodiversity: (see also chapter 7 in Froggie book) Species: a particular type of organism...

Three conditions must be met: Genetic variation (mutation) Some stress that favors this variation...

Mod 17: niches and species distribution  Check this out: You'll see another like this in populati...

Module 18-abundance and distribution Start with this: A crude example of this might be: individua...

Module 20: Community ecology Competitive exclusion principle: two species competing for the same ...

Module 19: growth modelsImagine you are a happy bacteria, or rabbit, with lots of food, land and ...

Module 21: Community Succession Primary succession: From bare rock, no soil: (e.g. lichen) These ...

Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads Thi...

Every day: 2.1 million infants are born (2,100,000) 800,000 people die result: global population ...

From the semester exam: eras.png Back to Demographics... Demographics is the study of people Chec...

Module 24: Earth Science Key points: All elements up to Iron on the periodic table came from the ...

Rocks Module 25 Igneous (fire) Sedimentary (layers) Metamorphic (Kafka rocks, just kidding: chang...

Recall our main themes: energy->water->food->culture Food! Three main groups:  Proteins: always i...

Mod 32: Industrial Farming (and fishing) Agribusiness:  just what it sounds like, the larger cong...

Mod 33: Sustainable agriculture (fishing too) Desertification (see above) intercropping vs. monoc...

Recall: Energy->Water->Food->Culture (Also Chapter 12 in Froggie book) Water: key points: What is...

This module is all about controlling water: Primitive societies were often cited on rivers: Why? ...

Water footprint: the amount of water used per capita (per head) in a country, including irrigatio...

Module 6: Movement of energy Biosphere-all life Producer (also primary producer) gets energy from...

Module 7: Movement of MatterBiogeochemical cycles: bio=life geo = minerals chemical = chemical cy...

Module 8: Response to disturbancesRecall negative feedback (stable ships, relationships): greater...

Overview: Frog book chapter 3: systems (3.1 and first part of 3.2 on your iPad) FR chapter 2: sys...

Module 5 (FINALLY!)Energy is the ability to do work (heard that before?)Units are joules ("jowles...

FR Module 1 ------------- Fracking-What is it? Why is it controversial? How has it changed how we...

FR Module 1 ------------- Fracking-What is it? Why is it controversial? How has it changed how we...

FR Module 2 --------------- Environmental indicators: what we know and can observe that indicate ...

Sustainability: Thinking of forever Notice that these are not your usual "energy, food and water"...

APES Sem2 Fire weather: Download App Recording 20250112 1009 2.mp3 (audio/mpeg, 3.6 MB) http://te...

Public Lands In the US, we classify public lands as  Rangelands-open range, enables some ranching...

energy->water->food->culture Energy: ability to do work. units: Joules or calories Power: how fas...

Mod 34-Patterns of energy use Non-renewable: not in your lifetime (argument made by one senator t...

Module 35: Fossil fuelsCoal: From dead plants 280-360 million years ago Evolution: Peat->lignite-...

ROI/TCO lab The PV panel we tested in class produces 250 Watts in ideal sunlight. The cost for th...

Energy primer Energy and power units: kW means kiloWatt, kilo = 1000 Watt named after a person, s...

energy -frog book notes chemical energy: electrons nuclear energy: nuclei (protons, neutrons) com...

Renewable energy on our campus: Solar PV: radiation from the sun (visible) making electrons move ...

Energy labs-tools Kill-a-Watt Volts-should be around 120V, AC or DC? Amperes-only when loaded, te...

Nuclear Energy Recall that since the beginning of steam driven electrical power generation, all w...

e2: paving the way http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/videos/e2_videos/e2%20energy/3%20pavin...

e2 Coal and nuclear: http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/videos/e2_videos/e2%20energy/6%20coa...

Withgott 7e Chapter 19: Fossil fuels Chapter 20: Alternate energy Chapter 21: Renewable energy Fr...

APES questions e2 growing energy http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/videos/e2_videos/e2%20en...

e2 Videos: (20 minutes each) https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20energy/ Harvesting the wind...

e2: energy for a developing world http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/videos/e2_videos/e2%20e...

You may notice that the Withgott 7e text divides energy into three main categories: Chapter 19: F...

This chapter rounds out the three chapter study of energy in the Withgott 7e text. These differ f...

Part I: Solar thermal energy harvesting: solar thermal panel Part II: Thermal energy storage: Hot...

Part 1: Photovoltaic energy Uphill from the elab there is a large PV array. Our goal is to determ...

You have just inherited a huge $10M fortune and decide to design your own home. Being smart about...

APES spring 2026 air pollution, PM10, IAP, acid rain (42-44) health-toxicity, LD50 eutrophication...

Text links: FR4e (evaluation copy) Air Pollution Web page links: Ch 15 FR notes (legacy) Migrated...

Unit 8: Water Pollution Migrated from Apple Server Wiki. Original page ID: g9a1Y6L3

Module 47: Pollution, impacts, endocrine disruptors Video: Poisoned watersSummaries: http://10.14...

Poisoned Waters-Frontline Video Video is here:https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/POISONED_WATERS.mp...

Bozeman science: https://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-es-005-water-resources https://www.bozemanscie...

Main topics: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) BioAccumulation (A single creature, e.g. killer...

2026 Q4 plan: 6 weeks, then AP week 3.24 Solid waste, mining, BZ 019  AP diagnostic 3.27 Human wa...

Sewage is anything coming from humans' (or animals') digestive system:  urine (Nitrogen, salts)  ...

FR4e reference: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr4e/unit%208%20water%20pollution.pdf Bozeman Sci...

Unit 9 overview: module 55 ozone module 56 greenhouse effect module 57 greenhouse gases module 58...

First of all, if we had no greenhouse effect, the planet would be frozen (not like the movie) Sec...

Link to text: Mods 55-59 https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr4e/unit%209-new.pdf Start with this gr...

Two main ideas: Global warming is causing ocean water to expand, rising sea levels Increased CO2 ...

Definitions: Native: lives within historical range (many, many years) Invasive: outside the histo...

Bozeman science folder: https://elab.local/apes/videos/bozeman_science/ Classes before your AP ex...

Comprehensive 2023 AP Environmental Science (APES) Study Guide Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosyste...

MATERIAL: Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems Definition and components of an ecosystem, includi...

Welcome to APES! Resources: elab.hpa.edu also known as elab.local (on campus) or elab.kamuela.org...

e2: portland sense of place https://elab.local/apes/videos/e2/e2%20transport/5%20Portland-sense%2...

e2: energy for a developing world https://elab.local/apes/videos/e2/e2%20energy/2%20energy%20for%...

This project was the result of research by Mathis Wackernagel and his team at the Global Footprin...

apes D T Thapes E MWF summarize your cause and effect projects for presentation in day 2 of the w...

IMPORTANT: for updates, please go to the Blog link at the top right corner Main topics: elements:...

APES lab: energy and power Notes: Energy is the ability to do work, measured here in Joules Power...

Modules 9-11: Heat Energy: air and water (fun with globes) Modules 9-11 FR 3e (also module 22 in ...

Lab: Heat transfer Heat energy moves from hot to cold in three modes: Radiation: infrared light r...

Key points: All elements up to Iron on the periodic table came from the big bang Earth was formed...

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Biodiversity has two elements: Species richness: the number of different species in an ecosystem ...

Bozeman: forests: http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-es-017-forestry-rangelands how much of our old...

Population worksheet Review biodiversity: A certain pond has six species of fish: 30 type a 20 ty...

e2: Food miles 2022 https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20transport/3%20Food%20miles.mp4 Look ...

Sustainable Design Challenge Goal: To design a sustainable, off-grid home  Design Criteria: Locat...

e2-design 3.4 Renzo Piano https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20design%203/ The intro says: "i...

e2 design 1.2 green for all https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20design%201/ In the intro (Br...

e2 design 1.1 green apple https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20design%201/ Why is it confusin...

e2: Design 2.1: Druk White school in Ladakh https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/videos/e2/e2%20design%202/ ...

Find these: Living building challenge award Apple award Apple award #2 LBC petals (wood block) Gr...

Elab green building hunt: Download ber cement siding.tiff (image/tiff, 2.6 MB) LEED:  Prerequisit...

http://physics.hpa.edu/physics/apenvsci/videos/e2_videos/e2%20design%202/4%20affordable%20green%2...

APES Energy Unit Big bang: Hydrogen->fusion -> Helium ->iron stars (red giants) Giant red giants ...

Energy Background: Big bang:  Hydrogen->fusion -> Helium ->iron stars (red giants) Giant red gian...

Energy questions 2.16.24 Bozeman Science: Energy consumption: http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-es...

Energy Questions: W20: Nuclear and Hydropower Please read: Chapter 20: Conventional energy altern...

Energy questions: W21 Renewable Energy Please read: Chapter 21: Renewable energy https://elab.hpa...

Energy questions: W21 Renewable Energy Please read: Chapter 21: Renewable energy https://elab.hpa...

Lab: ROI-TCO Return on investment (ROI) is the time it will take for any investment to break even...

Module 54: Human health, pathogens, infectious diseases Most studies are retrospective: natural e...

Frontline: HEAT Climate change: definitions cause and effect video problem teams (diads) First, s...

Visual notes for AP exam: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/_pdf/APES%20visual%20notes%20for%20exam.pdf 2...

4.50: Solid wasteSolid waste: produced by humans, non-toxic, results of civilization Bozeman scie...

Module 4.51: waste reduction and recyclingReduce, reuse and recycle: 3 R'sSource reduction: see a...

Mod 33: Sustainable agriculture (fishing too) Desertification (see above) intercropping vs. monoc...

Code:  Anything ending in "a" is an act of Congress Anything ending in "ES" involves endangered s...

Most common math concepts: Exponential decay: radioactive elements, A=Ao(1/2)^n where n is the nu...

AP Environmental Science Syllabus: 2024-25  Summary of the important bits:How to succeedThis clas...

Bozeman Science: http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-es-001-environmental-science Link to chapter 1 ...

Questions: What is  a "commons", what is the history, and where you might find one (NE US?) Where...

1.3 Homework: We’ll be studying population growth in detail soon, but solve this riddle: you are ...

To edit this page, click the Edit (pencil) button. To delete this page, click the Action (gear) b...

8 countries summation: How did your team group the 8 countries and why? What did you learn about ...

2.1 scientific method  https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/_pdf/cengage/chapters/ Primitive societies at on...

Alternate resource: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/friedland-relyea-3rd-edition.pdf Scienti...

Alternate resource: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/friedland-relyea-3rd-edition.pdf Modules...

Module 4, Science terms: Main topics: elements: protons, neutrons, electrons atomic mass, isotope...

https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/fr3e_ch2.pdf Review: energy always moves from high energy (e...

Challenge will include ~15 free response questions week of 9.23.24 You create the questions on a ...

References:  Cengage chapter 3  FR 3e modules 9-11  Heat Important: Heat energy always moves from...

Google aquatic biome game Recall terrestrial biomes are defined by temperature and precipitation ...

Part one: Land biomes Hawaii biomes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajpGScyuPiE Download mod12-l...

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apes D T Thapes E MWF summarize your cause and effect projects for presentation in day 2 of the w...

Competition: one wins, one loses  Could be energy, food, mates, money, whatever Competitive exclu...

Diversity vs. Uniformity biological cultural financial language food sources religious ethnic far...

La Niña:  Unavailable Apple Wiki media: the exported data did not include file c042bef5-1395-4a3a...

As plates move past each other, they create fault lines (cracks) Three types: slip faults (side t...

Soils provide minerals, hold moisture, allow air to pass, create a space for living creatures and...

Chemical aspects:Cation exchange: Clay soils have a negative charge, so they attract positive ion...

Bio-geo-chemical cycles: bio=life, geo=earth, chemical=chemical These are cycles as the go from s...

The Bio modules: mod 6 Net Primary Productivity mod 7 trophic levels mod 1 competition mod 8 biod...

All individuals have an ecological tolerance Their best place is called a fundamental niche: a pl...

Population growth rates r selected (r means rate) species grow exponentially until they reach or ...

Welcome back!Today: review semester exam #2: 9, 27, 42, 64, 73, 79 note taking: how, why, best pr...

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Recall: troph = food Autotrophs make their own food (photosynthesis) Examples: plants Trophic lev...

Module 18-abundance and distribution Start with this: Screenshot 2024-11-12 at 5.33.08 PM.pngA cr...

Cengage chapter 5: biodiversity and evolution notes Screenshot 2024-11-17 at 5.57.11 AM.png Four ...

cengage chapter 5: population ecology Five main types of species interactions: interspecific comp...

r, K lab: small plate “pond” bowl with goldfish “reservoir” don’t eat the goldfish-you will need ...

Predator-prey lab: Goldfish “prey” sticky note “predators” (any color) large plate “pond” create ...

passive vs. active: define why is passive better? How can you tell active from passive? Which sys...

Energy labs PV panels: PV efficiency Solar thermal panels: power output and efficiency, thermal c...

Dream green home summary report: You will evaluate three projects and create 4 email messages: On...

Folks, please review these Free Response questions from 2024 and 2023. Look for the following: no...

Withgott ch. 1 science and sustainability https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/Withgott7e%20v.2%20ocr/...

 https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/_pdf/cengage/chapters/ Look for chapter 2 Primitive societies at one t...

Alternate resource: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/friedland-relyea-3rd-edition.pdf Scienti...

summarize your cause and effect projects for presentation in day 2 of the week begin exploration ...

Many of these may be familiar to you, our goal is to make sure everyone is fluent with these idea...

https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/fr3e_ch2.pdf Energy:  same as work don't care if it happens ...

Competition: one wins, one loses  Could be energy, food, mates, money, whatever Competitive exclu...

Population growth rates r selected (r means rate) species grow exponentially until they reach or ...

Recall: troph = food Autotrophs make their own food (photosynthesis) Examples: plants Trophic lev...

Three conditions must be met: Genetic variation (mutation) Some stress that favors this variation...

Diversity vs. Uniformity biological cultural financial language food sources religious ethnic far...

Module 20: Community ecology Competitive exclusion principle: two species competing for the same ...

Biodiversity has two elements: Species richness: the number of different species in an ecosystem ...

Module 21: Community Succession Primary succession: From bare rock, no soil: (e.g. lichen) These ...

Geographic isolation (e.g. Galapagos) also found where we disturb natural habitats with roads Thi...

All individuals have an ecological tolerance Their best place is called a fundamental niche: a pl...

Diversity: small to large Genetic Diversity: genetic variation among individuals in a population ...

Cengage chapter 5: biodiversity and evolution notes Four kinds of biodiversity: why we studied Sh...

cengage chapter 5: population ecology Five main types of species interactions: interspecific comp...

Format: Title: short and sweet Purpose: direct, should cover what you intend to do Materials: det...

Make sure to read the previous notes on watersheds before beginning. We will be measuring several...

Download elab energy hunt.pdf (application/pdf, 34.1 KB) Download Elab green building hunt.pdf (a...

APES SI Prefix Unit Conversion Revision Table (10⁹ → 10⁻⁹) Name Scientific Notation Prefix Name P...

Module 4.42 (module 42, 4th edition text) Big ideas: air is shared by everyone on the planet, cro...

Module 43: Photochemical smog, thermal inversions, particulates Two types: Photochemical smog: LA...

Module 44: Indoor air pollution (IAP) Leading cause of death in LDC (women). LDC is the latest te...

prevention conservation regulationExample: vapor recovery nozzle: reduces VOC emissions Screensho...

Acid rain: Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.56.51 PM.png Screenshot 2026-02-11 at 1.57.21 PM.png Interf...

We'll be separating this Unit 8 study of pollution into sections: Section 1: Air mod 42-44: air p...

Wonderful homes this year!! Hold option-click or control-click to download images to your compute...

2024-2025 sample green homes Danica IMG_2082.jpegWynter IMG_2083.jpegAdri IMG_2084.jpeg Parker IM...

Module 4.51: waste reduction and recyclingReduce, reuse and recycle: 3 R'sSource reduction: see a...

Summary of the important bits: How to succeed This class is all about discovery and discussion Po...

Main topics: elements: protons, neutrons, electrons atomic mass, isotopes isotopes vs. ions bonds...

share 8 countries 8.24.26 quiz D How many protons, neutrons and electrons in each of these: C14/6...

Challenge: You are a researcher of volcanic geysers who has just discovered a new species of hot ...

Helpful text: https://elab.hpa.edu/apes/texts/fr3e/fr3e_ch2.pdf Review: Screenshot 2026-08-25 at ...

Welcome to your wiki. Share information by creating and editing wiki pages, or by uploading files...

Chapter 3 Modules 6-8 Movement of energy and matter Module 6: Movement of energyBiosphere-all lif...